The first edition of Antibiotic Guidelines was published in March 1978. The Hospitals and Charities Commission (Health Commission of Victoria from 1978) allocated $2248 to print 6000 copies of a small booklet able to be conveniently carried in a coat pocket for ready reference.

Just before the first edition was published, a survey of antibiotic use at The Royal Melbourne Hospital looked at inappropriate prescribing. The heavy use of prophylactic antibiotics in the surgical wards was noted, and in 48 per cent of cases the prescribing was found to be inappropriate. By far, the wrong choice of drug accounted for most of this, and there was an economic factor too. After Antibiotic Guidelines was published, the use of antibiotics at The Royal Melbourne Hospital was reduced in cost by 30 per cent.

Ken Harvey hoped that the surveys of antibiotic use would provide an objective standard that even the most senior doctor could not ignore. Young interns and registrars especially loved the booklet.

Antibiotic Guidelines eventually became accepted because the process of preparing it cut across the specialties.

As well as the consensus approach, it worked because of its brevity. The first edition consisted of only 31 pages. It was deliberately concise, organised by disease, included only the most common conditions, and a small range of antibiotics for the treatment of each. The most effective choice was recommended, with the least side effects, and occasionally an alternative was suggested to manage different conditions such as allergies. The guidelines preparation time was shorter back then because there was comparatively limited literature to review.

Professor Michael Kidd, a medical student in the 1980s, on how he and his peers relied on Antibiotic Guidelines

Mary Hemming on responses to the first edition of Antibiotic Guidelines

 

Milestones

New book covers designed and launched gradually across entire collection

2012

In 2012 TGL commissioned a refresh of all of the book cover designs by Suzy Tuxen and the team at A Friend of Mine. Each cover was themed with one colour.

Pink remained as the distinctive colour for Antibiotic Guidelines.

As new editions of each title were published, the new covers were gradually introduced. In 2019 the last two books with new covers will be printed for the first time: the third edition of Oral and Dental Guidelines and the third edition of Toxicology and Toxinology Guidelines (previously Toxicology and Wilderness Guidelines).

Antibiotic Guidelines is translated into Chinese

1994

The demand for international translations of titles by overseas medical practitioners began in 1994. TGL licensed their publication and received royalties on sales. Antibiotic Guidelines was translated into Chinese and published in 1994. Since 2004, an agreement with Chemical Industry Press in China has allowed it to publish the full set of guidelines in Chinese. The agreement was renewed in 2015, and the latest version of the full set of books was published in two releases during 2017 and 2018.

In 1998 Dr Rokuro Hama requested permission to arrange for the translation of Antibiotic Guidelines into Japanese. The title was published in February 1999, and 3000 copies quickly sold. By the end of that year, a Japanese translation of Gastrointestinal Guidelines had been published too, and Analgesic Guidelines was translated and published in 2000.

Russia wanted to publish 10,000 copies of each title in Russian, and an agreement was signed with TGL in 2002.

In 2014, Oral and Dental Guidelines was translated into Farsi and published by the University of Tehran.

Fourth edition of Antibiotic Guidelines published

1984

The fourth edition of Antibiotic Guidelines was published in 1984. It played an integral role during the 1985 study of surgical antibiotic prophylaxis in 12 Victorian hospitals, conducted by the newly formed Antibiotic Committee.

The fourth edition was the first to be sold, for $3.50 per copy. Until then, copies of earlier editions had been freely distributed. Although a modest sum, it represented an important milestone.

Sales profits loosened ties to the Health Department of Victoria and generated the capacity for a self-funded operation. Sales of version 4 funded the printing of posters and 20,000 pamphlets for distribution to the hospitals in the 1985 surgical antibiotic prophylaxis study in Victorian hospitals. Free copies for junior doctors remained part of the distribution policy.

A wider publicity campaign in 1985 for sales of the fourth edition included targeting private hospitals and aimed to reach private practitioners around Australia. Health departments in South Australia and Tasmania were approached and asked to distribute the guidelines. The first print run of 10,000 copies sold out by January 1985. Direct mailing in 1985 to university faculties encouraged inclusion of the guidelines as recommended reading for medical and microbiology students, and led to orders from university book rooms. Undergraduates were given copies purchased by university departments of microbiology. Posters and pamphlets were sent to interested health commissions in South Australia, Northern Territory and Western Australia. Five hundred booklets were ordered by Royal North Shore Hospital in New South Wales. Total sales of the guidelines that year surpassed 20,000 copies throughout Australia and generated interest in national participation in the writing of the next edition.

Third edition of Antibiotic Guidelines published

1982

The third edition of Antibiotic Guidelines was published in 1982. It was done under the aegis of the Health Commission of Victoria which suggested in 1980 to The Royal Melbourne Hospital that responsibility for Antibiotic Guidelines be transferred to the newly formed Standing Committee on Infection Control of the Health Commission. This committee, chaired by clinical pharmacologist Laurie Mashford, advised the government on the incidence and prevalence of clinically significant infections in Victoria. New members of the writing group for the third edition included John Andrew, who contributed to six editions, and Alvis Kucers, who worked on eight. John Shaw, who had moved to Sydney, was replaced as chair by Laurie Mashford, who remained in this role for the next seven editions.

A third audit of antibiotic usage at The Royal Melbourne Hospital, just before the third edition of Antibiotic Guidelines was published in 1982, had revealed a worrying trend.

Carried out over six weeks in eight wards by the departments of pharmacy, clinical pharmacology and microbiology, the audit revealed inappropriate intravenous use of amoxicillin instead of the recommended penicillin for treatment of patients suffering from pneumonia. Extracts of this topic from the new edition in Antibiotic Guidelines were copied and distributed to all surgical units within the hospital with a letter from the committee asking for their cooperation or specific objections.

Second edition of Antibiotic Guidelines published

1979

Impressions of the first edition were sufficiently favourable to justify a revised edition. The second edition was published in 1979 after the original writing group was reconvened (John Shaw, Ken Harvey, Barry Parsons, John Spicer, Bryan Stratford and Fred Tosolini).

Fred Tosolini continued on the writing group for eight editions.

John Spicer continued his involvement for 12 editions — longer than anyone else.

Professor Michael Kidd, a medical student in the 1980s, on how he and his peers relied on Antibiotic Guidelines

Mary Hemming on responses to the first edition of Antibiotic Guidelines